Books on Books: A Book Arts Apprenticeship

When I began learning book art skills 10 years ago, I also started collecting bookish books. Not only how-to manuals but such things as exhibition catalogues, design books, even a few books of fiction that feature books or bookbinders. I thought it would be fun to go through my shelf and share my collection on my blog. I’ve already written a few book reviews — see the books on books category — but now I’m making the reviews a bit more regular.
Soon after taking my first workshop at the San Francisco Center for the Book, I knew I wanted to make book arts more than just a hobby. But after nearly 20 years in the computer industry, it was daunting to map out a mid-life change in course — should I return to school for formal training? Where? Could I really put my life on hold for a few years and return to school full time? What did I want to concentrate on — fine binding, artist’s books, the content and design of the interiors?
A Degree of Mastery: A Journey through Book Arts Apprenticeship by Annie Tremmel WilcoxI’d like to report that I went about learning a new trade in an organized and logical manner. But I didn’t. Instead I made many starts and stops and detours along the way. One person who was much more linear in her approach to starting a new career is Annie Tremmel Wilcox. In her memoir, A Degree of Mastery: A Journey through Book Arts Apprenticeship (New Rivers Press, 1999), she alternates between her experience as the first woman apprentice to master bookbinder William Anthony at the University of Iowa and a lovingly detailed account of the restoration and conservation of a book she worked on. The long (5 year) apprenticeship program is rare today in the craft and trade world here in the US, but this throwback to the learning methods of an earlier time marries so perfectly with old books she learns to repair. I particularly appreciated and commiserated with Tremmel’s continual search for the right tool for each task — I’m forever devising new tools to make my editions more efficient to construct. It’s an easy read, made more interesting because it’s about a community I’m involved with and objects (books) that I care about deeply.

People of the Book

Illumination from the Sarajevo HaggadahThis week I read Geraldine Brooks’ new novel People of the Book, an imagined history of a real book, the Sarajevo Haggadah, the oldest surviving Jewish illuminated manuscript, which contains the traditional text that accompanies the Passover Seder.
The history of the book is largely unknown — it’s believed to have been made in Spain some time in the mid-14th century, during the Convivencia, when Christians, Muslims, and Jews lived together in relative peace. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and nothing more is known of the book until the 1500’s, when notes in the margin indicate that it surfaced in Venice and was saved from the book burnings of the Inquisition. It made its way to Vienna and in 1894 it was sold to the National Museum in Sarajevo. However that didn’t assure its survival — during World War II it was smuggled out of the Museum by a Muslim scholar and during the Bosnian War of the 1990’s it was again saved by a Muslim and hidden inside a bank vault.
The plot of the book traces the fictional history of the Haggadah by traveling forwards and backwards in place and time. In the present day, Hanna Heath, an Australian book restorer, goes to Sarajevo to do restoration and conservation on the book before it is put on display. As part of her conservation efforts, she tries to ascertain more about the book’s history. In parallel, the reader learns about the book’s travels and owners as it journeys back in time across Europe.
I am amazed by the amount of research that Brooks must have done to write her book. There’s lots of information about bookbinding and conservation, as well as an incredible amount of historical detail. The adventures of the main, present-day narrator, Hanna, are awfully contrived, but the interspersed stories imagining the history of the Haggadah are much better. Certainly reading it was a fine way to spend a lazy Saturday afternoon!

Judging a Book by its Cover

Pelican book covers by yearRecently I found a wonderful-to-look-at pictorial archive of Pelican book covers by year. Pelican is the non-fiction brand of Penguin Books and, according to Wikipedia, the idea behind the first paperback Penguin Books was to “provide quality writing cheaply, for the same price as a pack of cigarettes.” The publisher decided that design was essential to Penguin’s success, so the first covers, from the 1930s, were simple layouts that used two colors and Eric Gill’s sans serif for the typeface (like the “Ariel” cover to the right). Over time images and illustrations were added to the cover designs. As you might guess, I especially like the one for “Riddles in Mathematics” from 1953. See the entire archive here and read a good article about the history of Penguin’s book design on the Design Museum website.
One more nerdy bit for those like me interested in book design and page layout: Jan Tschichold was the designer at Penguin from 1947-49. He fashioned a template for all Penguin books called Penguin Composition Rules, a four page booklet of typographic instructions for editors and compositors. You can read them here. Jordon Harper adapted them to web writing here.

Teach Yourself Letterpress Printing

Printing for PleasureWhen I have a question about my press or how it’s not printing as I would like, I look on Briar Press’s bulletin board or through the PP Letterpress archive. But sometimes I’d really rather look through a book, especially at my studio where there isn’t an internet connection.
Too bad there aren’t many modern letterpress books, and even the old ones don’t have much information on fixing smaller tabletop presses, like C&P Pilots, and nothing on using photopolymer plates. Boxcar has digitized a Kelsey manual with information on oiling, press set up, makeready and printing on envelopes. A friend gave me Letterpress: New applications for traditional skills by David Jury — the title sounded promising but it’s just a coffee table book with lots of pictures and nothing really practical about printing. Paul Moxon has written an appreciation of John Ryder’s 1955 book Printing for Pleasure (available from NA Graphics).
Here’s what’s on the shelf at my studio:

  • Platen Press Operation by George J. Mills (from 1953, reprints are available from NA Graphics). General Printing: An Illustrated Guide to Letterpress Printing (also from 1953, and recently reissued and available from Amazon). The latter has a nice section on the history of printing, and both have good information on setting type, lockup and makeready.
  • The only book I’ve found with information on photopolymer plates and letterpress is Gerald Lange’s Printing Digital Type on the Hand-Operated Flatbed Cylinder Press. It doesn’t discuss platen press printing per se, but the sections on troubleshooting and the platemaking process apply to any press.
  • A new acquisition is Barbara Tetenbaum’s A Guide to Experimental Letterpress Techniques. She discusses how to do pressure printing (putting string or a stencil behind the printing sheet) and other techniques using found objects. She’s bound examples of each technique into the spine. Her instructions are for cylinder presses, but I’m thinking I can modify many of them for my platen press (a project for next year!) (Available from Another Room Book Arts Bookstore.)
  • My favorite book by far is Clifford Burke’s Printing Poetry: A workbook in typographic reification. It’s long out of print (but you can get used ones from Amazon) and my copy was a special Christmas present from my Mom when I got my first press. It’s mostly concerned with typography and poetry, quirky and opinionated, and has a section called “of Money, Time and Rust,” the bugbears of those of us with the letterpress printing bug.

Creating Artists’ Books

I call the books I design and make “artist’s books”. According to Wikipedia, “Artists’ books (also called bookworks) are works of art realized in the form of a book. They are usually published in small editions, though sometimes they are one-of-a-kind objects. Artists’ books have employed a wide range of forms, including scrolls, fold-outs or loose items contained in a box.”
Creating Artists’ BooksI guess that’s an ok definition, but a few pictures would help. While there are lots of pictures on the web and lots of books available, I particularly like Sarah Bodman’s book Creating Artists’ Books. She doesn’t try to define “artists’ book” and instead presents copious examples in this “guide for visual artists who are interested in creating work in the artist’s book format.” Bodman, based in England, has a European slant. And that slant is precisely what makes the book interesting to me. In addition to the many examples and photographs, the appendices provide a resource guide to the book arts in Europe—book shops, galleries, fairs, events, organizations and journals. Bodman touches on all aspects of the book arts, even providing a section on ways to display books effectively. And at $15 it’s a steal. [It’s available from Amazon.]
Bodman works at the Center for Fine Print Research at UWE Bristol. They have a bi-monthly newsletter, produce a bi-annual yearbook, and have a PDF publication called Artists’ Books Creative Production and Marketing. But the project I like best is Bookmarks, which distributes bookmarks made by artists to encourage interest in the book arts.